King’s theory of pediplanation
Akram Jan Jaffar
King’s Theory of Pediplanation (1953) Lester C. King, a South African geomorphologist, proposed pediplanation as a cyclic model of landscape evolution, especially suited to semi-arid and savanna regions. It was…
2026
What is Metamorphism? Different types of Metamorphism.
Metamorphism Metamorphism is the process by which an existing rock, called the protolith, is changed in mineral composition, texture, or both by exposure to conditions of heat, pressure, or chemically…
Metamorphic Rocks| How are Metamorphic Rocks formed
Metamorphic Rocks Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been transformed from an existing rock type (igneous, sedimentary, or even another metamorphic rock) by intense heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids,…
Igneous Rocks| How are Igneous Rocks formed?
Igneous Rocks Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of molten rock, called magma when it is underground and lava when it erupts at the surface. The rate…
Sedimentary Rocks| How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary rocks are generally found in the form of layers. They are formed from the accumulation and compaction of material at or near Earth’s surface. The process begins…
Introduction to the Rocks
Definition of the Rocks Rocks are naturally occurring solid masses made of one or more minerals (or sometimes organic material), and they form the structure of Earth’s crust and much…
Penck’s Model of Slope Development
Penck’s Slope Development Theory Walther Penck’s model of slope development, proposed in the 1920s as a challenge to Davis’s cycle of erosion, holds that slope form is shaped by the…
Nepal Flood Disaster 2026 | Nepalese Disaster Management System
On August 26, 2026, a catastrophic flash flood tore through the Nepal-Tibet border region, triggered by a glacial collapse and rock-ice avalanche in the mountains near Rasuwa district, immediately south…
Davis’s Geographical Cycle (Cycle of Erosion)
William Morris Davis William Morris Davis (1850–1934) was an American geographer and geologist widely regarded as the founder of modern geomorphology. Born in Philadelphia, he taught for most of his…
Classical Landscape Evolution Theories
Classical Landscape Evolution Theories Landscape evolution theory addresses how landforms develop and change over time. Three classical models dominated 20th-century geomorphology, each offering a different explanation for how landscapes progress…